Article originally appeared on Business Insider
Some jobs intrinsically have more health risks than others. A nurse working in a hospital is more likely to catch an infectious disease than a lawyer working in an office, for example.
To rank the most unhealthy jobs in America, we used data from the Occupational Information Network, a US Department of Labor database full of detailed information on occupations.
In order to analyze jobs by their impact on workers’ health, we took O*NET measures of six health risks in each of the 974 occupations in the database: exposure to contaminants; exposure to disease and infection; exposure to hazardous conditions; exposure to radiation; risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings; and time spent sitting, since studies show that frequent inactivity shortens your lifespan. O*NET scores these factors on a scale from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating an increased health risk.
Read on to find out which jobs have the most potential to damage your health.
24 (tie). Radiologists
Overall unhealthiness score: 52.8
What they do: Examine and diagnose disorders and diseases using X-rays and radioactive materials.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to radiation: 87
2. Exposure to disease and infections: 85
3. Time spent sitting: 74
24 (tie). Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders
China Photos/Getty Images
Overall unhealthiness score: 52.8
What they do: Operate or tend furnaces to melt and refine metal before casting or to produce specified types of steel.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 100
2. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings: 96
3. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 94
24 (tie). Embalmers
Overall unhealthiness score: 52.8
What they do: Prepare bodies for burial in conformity with legal requirements.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 83
2. Exposure to contaminants: 83
3. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 75
24 (tie). Elevator installers and repairers
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Overall unhealthiness score: 52.8
What they do: Install and repair elevators.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 98
2. Exposure to contaminants: 82
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 61
23. Nuclear medicine technologists
REUTERS/Gleb Garanich
Overall unhealthiness score: 53.0
What they do: Prepare radioactive isotopes for use in diagnostic medical procedures.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to radiation: 100
2. Exposure to disease and infections: 93
3. Exposure to contaminants: 44
22. Refrigeration mechanics and installers
Overall unhealthiness score: 53.3
What they do: Install and repair industrial and commercial refrigerating systems.
Three biggest health risks:
1. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 93
2. Exposure to contaminants: 91
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings: 71
21. Critical care nurses
Thomson Reuters
Overall unhealthiness score: 53.5
What they do: Provide advanced nursing care for patients in critical or coronary care units.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 99
2. Exposure to contaminants: 65
3. Exposure to radiation: 61
19 (tie). Service unit operators (oil, gas, and mining)
Andrew Burton/Getty Images
Overall unhealthiness score: 53.7
What they do: Operate equipment to increase oil flow from producing wells or to remove stuck pipe, casing, tools, or other obstructions from drilling wells and other mining operations.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 94
2. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 89
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, stings, and bites: 77
19 (tie). Chemical plant and system operators
Overall unhealthiness score: 53.7
What they do: Control or operate chemical processes or systems of machines.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 99
2. Exposure to contaminants: 96
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 71
17 (tie). Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
Thomson Reuters
Overall unhealthiness score: 54.0
What they do: Assess injuries, administer emergency medical care, and extricate trapped individuals. Transport injured or sick people to medical facilities.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 89
2. Exposure to contaminants: 73
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings: 53
17 (tie). Continuous mining-machine operators
REUTERS/Arnd Wiegmann
Overall unhealthiness score: 54.0
What they do: Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors or into shuttle cars in a continuous operation.
Three biggest health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 100
2. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 98
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings: 64
16. Refractory materials repairers (except brickmasons)
Screenshot/Pocketnow
Overall unhealthiness score: 54.8
What they do: Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 100
2. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 85
3. Risk of minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 85
15. Refuse and recyclable material collectors
Overall unhealthiness score: 55.0
What they do: Collect and dump refuse and recyclable materials into trucks.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 97
2. Time spent sitting: 69
3. Exposure to disease and infections: 63
14. Nuclear equipment operation technicians
Thomson Reuters
Overall unhealthiness score: 55.2
What they do: Operate equipment used for the release, control, or use of nuclear energy to assist scientists in laboratory or production activities.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to radiation: 89
2. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 77
3. Exposure to contaminants: 65
12 (tie). Medical equipment preparers
Overall unhealthiness score: 55.7
What they do: Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 94
2. Exposure to disease and infections: 92
3. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 64
12 (tie). Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers
American Airlines
Overall unhealthiness score: 55.7
What they do: Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing, multi-engine aircraft, usually on scheduled air-carrier routes, for the transport of passengers and cargo.
Top three health risks:
1. Time spent sitting: 93
2. Exposure to radiation: 73
3. Exposure to contaminants: 68
11. Derrick operators (oil and gas)
REUTERS/Sergei Karpukhin
Overall unhealthiness score: 56.0
What they do: Rig derrick equipment and operate pumps to circulate mud through a drill hole.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 100
2. Exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 93
3. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 91
10. Surgical and medical assistants, technologists, and technicians*
Overall unhealthiness score: 57.3
What they do: Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons, registered nurses, or other surgical personnel and perform medical laboratory tests.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 88
2. Exposure to contaminants: 80
3. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 69
* This job category combines the related detailed occupations of surgical assistants, surgical technologists, and medical and clinical laboratory technologists.
9. Stationary engineers and boiler operators
Overall unhealthiness score: 57.7
What they do: Operate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, or other mechanical equipment to provide utilities for buildings or industrial processes.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 99
2. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 89
3. Exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 84
8. Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
Reuters/Jon Nazca
Overall unhealthiness score: 58.2
What they do: Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 97
2. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 80
3. Exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 74
7. Histotechnologists and histologic technicians
Overall unhealthiness score: 59.0
What they do: Prepare histologic slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to hazardous conditions: 88
2. Exposure to contaminants: 76
3. Exposure to disease and infections: 75
6. Immigration and customs inspectors
Overall unhealthiness score: 59.3
What they do: Investigate and inspect people, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from the US or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 78
2. Exposure to disease and infections: 63
3. Exposure to radiation: 62
5. Podiatrists
Heidi Jones/Getty Images
Overall unhealthiness score: 60.2
What they do: Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 87
2. Exposure to radiation: 69
3. Exposure to contaminants: 67
4. Veterinarians and veterinary assistants and technicians*
Joe Raedle/Getty Images
Overall unhealthiness score: 60.3
What they do: Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals and perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 81
2. Exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 75
3. Exposure to contaminants: 74
* This category combines the related detailed jobs of veterinarians, veterinary assistants, and laboratory animal caretakers and veterinary technologists and technicians.
3. Anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and anesthesiologist assistants*
Overall unhealthiness score: 62.3
What they do: Administer anesthetics or sedatives during medical procedures, and help patients in recovering from anesthesia.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to disease and infections: 94
2. Exposure to contaminants: 80
3. Exposure to radiation: 74
* This category combines the related detailed jobs of anesthesiologist, nurse anesthetist, and anesthesiologist assistant.
2. Flight attendants
Overall unhealthiness score: 62.3
What they do: Provide personal services to ensure the safety, security, and comfort of airline passengers during flight. Greet passengers, verify tickets, explain use of safety equipment, and serve food or beverages.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 88
2. Exposure to disease and infections: 77
3. Exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings: 69
1. Dentists, dental surgeons, and dental assistants*
mattlemmon via Compfight cc
Overall unhealthiness score: 65.4
What they do: Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental appliances or provide preventive care.
Top three health risks:
1. Exposure to contaminants: 84
2. Exposure to disease and infections: 75
3. Time spent sitting: 67
* This category combines the related detailed jobs of general dentists, dental hygienists, dental laboratory technicians, dental assistants, and prosthodontists.
